| Pg.
|
| Introduction...................................................................... | 1
|
| An Overview of the Text................................................................. | 9
|
| BECOMING A MIDWIFE........................................................ | 13
|
| The Philosophy of Midwifery............................................................ | 14
|
| What It Means to Be a Midwife........................................................ | 16
|
| A Very Brief History of Midwifery and Birthing Care in the
United States.. | 18
|
| The Kind of Midwifery Preparation You Want....................................... | 22
|
| Formal Validation Processes for Midwives in the United States............... | 27
|
| MANA: The Midwives Alliance of North America................................... | 29
|
| The MANA Statement of Values and Ethics........................................ | 31
|
| MANA Core-Competencies for Midwifery Practice................................. | 37
|
| MANA Standards and Qualifications
for the Art and Practice of Midwifery. | 42
|
| ACNM: The American College of Nurse-Midwives.................................. | 44
|
| PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT................................................ | 45
|
| Setting Up a Practice.................................................................... | 46
|
| Health Care Modalities................................................................... | 55
|
| How to Gather and Tabulate Statistics............................................. | 65
|
| Protocols of Practice.................................................................... | 71
|
| Legal Issues............................................................................... | 74
|
| Working With Other Midwives......................................................... | 75
|
| The Midwifery Community.............................................................. | 76
|
| BASIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR MIDWIVES... | 79
|
| An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology for Midwives.................... | 80
|
| Very Basic Chemistry................................................................... | 82
|
| The Structure of Cells.................................................................. | 89
|
| Anatomical Terminology................................................................ | 95
|
| The Tissues................................................................................ | 99
|
| The Organ Systems of the Body: An Overview.................................. | 104
|
| The Integumentary System........................................................... | 105
|
| The Skeletal System.................................................................... | 107
|
| The Muscular System.................................................................... | 116
|
| The Nervous System..................................................................... | 120
|
| The Endocrine System.................................................................. | 132
|
| The Cardiovascular System............................................................. | 137
|
| The Lymphatic System.................................................................. | 145
|
| The Respiratory System................................................................. | 148
|
| The Digestive System ................................................................... | 152
|
| The Urinary System...................................................................... | 159
|
| The Female Sexual and Reproductive System..................................... | 162
|
| Variations and Abnormalities of the Female Reproductive System............ | 178
|
| The Male Sexual and Reproductive System......................................... | 187
|
| How Pregnancy Impacts Maternal Anatomy and Physiology.................... | 188
|
| References and Further Reading in Anatomy and Physiology................... | 199
|
| SUSTAINING HEALTH AND WELL-BEING DURING PREGNANCY.......................................................................... | 201
|
| Individualizing Your Care................................................................ | 202
|
| Basic Nutrition............................................................................. | 204
|
| Dietary Counseling for Pregnancy:
Helping Women Get the Foods They Need.. | 228
|
| Nutrition, Healthy Babies and Maternal Weight Gain............................ | 244
|
| Helping Women Cope with Food Cravings.......................................... | 248
|
| Vitamin and Mineral Supplements During Pregnancy............................ | 250
|
| Food Additives............................................................................ | 253
|
| Food Preparation......................................................................... | 255
|
| Food Allergies............................................................................. | 256
|
| Understanding Ethnic Diets............................................................ | 259
|
| Exercise Before and During Pregnancy............................................. | 262
|
| Tobacco Smoking........................................................................ | 266
|
| Caffeine and Pregnancy............................................................... | 272
|
| Alcohol and Pregnancy................................................................. | 274
|
| Public Water Supplies ................................................................. | 277
|
| Fluoride.................................................................................... | 280
|
| Over-the-Counter Drugs.............................................................. | 282
|
| Recreational Drugs...................................................................... | 285
|
| Prescription Drugs....................................................................... | 287
|
| Immunizations During Pregnancy................................................... | 291
|
| Toxic Environmental Exposures and Reproductive Risk........................ | 292
|
| Hyperthermia............................................................................. | 295
|
| Psychological Health During Pregnancy........................................... | 296
|
| Helping Women Explore Their Dreams.............................................. | 298
|
| Understanding Physical and Sexual Abuse Issues............................... | 300
|
| Working Through Emotional Issues with Clients................................. | 321
|
| When Client/Midwife Relationships are Difficult................................... | 337
|
| BASIC MIDWIFERY SKILLS................................................. | 339
|
| Using Knowledge and Intuition........................................................ | 340
|
| Equipment to Have On Hand for Prenatal Exams................................. | 341
|
| Medical Terminology Relevant to Pregnancy History............................ | 352
|
| Charting and Record Keeping........................................................... | 356
|
| The Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy............................................. | 360
|
| Calculating the Correct Due Date..................................................... | 362
|
| Avoiding Contamination from Infectious Agents................................... | 368
|
| Fetal Heart Rate Assessment and Locating the Placenta...................... | 373
|
| Discussing How the Baby is Situated in the Uterus............................... | 381
|
| The Fine Art of Palpation................................................................ | 387
|
| Assessing Fetal Size...................................................................... | 400
|
| Assessing the Volume of Amniotic Fluid.............................................. | 401
|
| Measuring the Fundal Height and Girth of the Uterus............................ | 403
|
| Overall Assessment of Fetal Size and Growth..................................... | 409
|
| The Physical Examination of the Woman............................................ | 414
|
| Pelvimetry................................................................................... | 460
|
| Examining the Muscles of the Perineum and Explaining Perineal
Stretching.......... | 479
|
| Assessing Cervical Changes During Pregnancy.................................... | 482
|
| Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Airway Clearance During
Pregnancy... | 488
|
| Assessing Blood Loss .................................................................... | 492
|
| A Plan for Dealing With Physical Problems During Pregnancy................... | 495
|
| INITIATING CONTACT AND ESTABLISHING CARE.......... | 499
|
| First Contacts.............................................................................. | 500
|
| Crisis First Contacts..................................................................... | 508
|
| Preconception Counseling and Care................................................. | 510
|
| The Consultation Visit................................................................... | 512
|
| Money Matters............................................................................. | 517
|
| Statement of Informed Disclosure (Informed Choice Agreement)............ | 525
|
| The Initial Visit and Medical History.................................................. | 525
|
| Ordering Baseline Laboratory Tests.................................................. | 579
|
| Prenatal Concerns Regarding the Breasts and Breastfeeding.................. | 587
|
| Helping Women Deal With Work and Activity Concerns......................... | 591
|
| Cultural and Religious Practices........................................................ | 594
|
| Unique Birthing Practices and Philosophies......................................... | 628
|
| AN OVERVIEW OF PRENATAL CARE.................................. | 633
|
| Prenatal Visits............................................................................. | 634
|
| Childbirth Education...................................................................... | 642
|
| Books and Handouts...................................................................... | 648
|
| The Family, Friends and Prenatal Care.............................................. | 653
|
| Using Technological Diagnostic Techniques and Routine Remedies.......... | 656
|
| Relating to the Baby During the Prenatal Period.................................. | 659
|
| Maintaining Continuity of Care........................................................ | 660
|
PRENATAL CARE: The First Trimester.....................................
(From the first day of the last menstrual period through the 14th week of pregnancy) | 661
|
| Prenatal Care During Weeks 1 through 14......................................... | 662
|
| Early Signs of Pregnancy............................................................... | 667
|
Conception and Growth of the Baby and Placenta
During the First 14 Weeks
First 12 Weeks of Gestation)..................................................... | 673
|
| Emotional and Psychological Changes in Early Pregnancy...................... | 691
|
| PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FIRST TRIMESTER................ | 693
|
| Nausea and Vomiting of Early Pregnancy...................................... | 695
|
| When a Baby Dies in Early Pregnancy.......................................... | 701
|
| Miscarriage in the First Trimester................................................ | 704
|
| Ectopic Pregnancy.................................................................. | 724
|
| Hydatidiform or Vesicular Mole.................................................... | 732
|
PRENATAL CARE: The Second Trimester.................................
(From the 15th through the 28th week of pregnancy) | 737
|
| Prenatal Care During Weeks 15 through 28........................................ | 738
|
| Signs of Pregnancy in the Second Trimester..................................... | 743
|
| Fetal and Placental Development in the Second Trimester................... | 744
|
| Emotional and Psychological Changes of Mid-Pregnancy...................... | 750
|
| Laboratory Tests in the Second Trimester........................................ | 752
|
| PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SECOND TRIMESTER..................... | 756
|
| Nausea and Vomiting............................................................... | 757
|
| When Fetal Diagnostic Tests Come Back Positive.......................... | 759
|
| False Pregnancy..................................................................... | 760
|
| Miscarriage in the Second Trimester........................................... | 762
|
| Loose Cervix.......................................................................... | 771
|
| Abdominal Pregnancy.............................................................. | 774
|
| Incarceration and Sacculation of the Pregnant Uterus................... | 776
|
PRENATAL CARE: The Third Trimester...................................
(From the 29th week of pregnancy until birth) | 781
|
| Prenatal Care From the 29th Week Until Birth................................... | 782
|
| Fetal Development in the Third Trimester......................................... | 790
|
| Emotional and Psychological Changes of the Third Trimester................ | 791
|
| The Home Visit........................................................................... | 793
|
| Honoring Pregnancy and Birth as a Rite of Passage............................ | 797
|
| Ensuring A Vertex Presentation at Term........................................... | 801
|
| Anticipating a Breech Birth............................................................ | 812
|
| Dealing With Posterior Babies During Pregnancy................................ | 819
|
| The Onset of Normal Labor at Term................................................. | 821
|
| PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE THIRD TRIMESTER......................... | 825
|
| Nausea and Vomiting in the Third Trimester.................................. | 827
|
| Toxemia................................................................................ | 828
|
| Pendulous Abdomen................................................................ | 844
|
| Preterm Labor........................................................................ | 846
|
| Bleeding in the Third Trimester................................................. | 851
|
| Rupture of Membranes Before the Onset of Labor......................... | 858
|
| When the Baby Dies Before Birth............................................... | 868
|
| Scar Dehiscence and Uterine Rupture in The Third Trimester.......... | 872
|
| Postdatism and Postmaturity Syndrome...................................... | 877
|
| SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES................................................ | 883
|
| Working With Women Who Want Labor Support for a Hospital Birth....... | 884
|
| Caring for Women-of-Size............................................................. | 887
|
| Multiple Gestation........................................................................ | 889
|
| Caring for Women Who Have Disabilities........................................... | 905
|
| Lesbian Mothers.......................................................................... | 912
|
| Prenatal Care of Rh- Mothers.......................................................... | 914
|
| Yoni Birth After Cesarean (YBAC).................................................... | 915
|
| Previous Uterine Surgeries.............................................................. | 923
|
Working with Women Who Have Had Difficult Yoni Births
or
Suffered a Previous Fetal Death or Early Infant Loss....................................................... | 927
|
| Working with Women Who Have a History of Infertility.......................... | 928
|
| Independent Fertilization................................................................ | 927
|
| Teen Pregnancy........................................................................... | 931
|
| Adoption Issues........................................................................... | 934
|
| Pregnancy and Biological Fathering After 35....................................... | 939
|
| Third Baby Syndrome.................................................................... | 941
|
| Grand Multiparity.......................................................................... | 942
|
| PROBLEMS THAT CAN OCCUR AT ANY TIME.................... | 945
|
| Abdominal Pain............................................................................. | 946
|
| Aches and Pains of the Bones, Muscles, Ligaments and Pelvis................ | 953
|
| Amniotic Fluid Volume Abnormalities.................................................. | 958
|
| Bowel and Digestive Upsets............................................................. | 961
|
| Chest Pain................................................................................... | 966
|
| Colds, Flus and Pneumonia.............................................................. | 968
|
| Dental and Gum Problems................................................................ | 969
|
| Dizziness..................................................................................... | 972
|
| Ear Problems and Hearing Impairment................................................ | 974
|
| Edema (Swelling).......................................................................... | 977
|
| Electrical Injuries and Shocks.......................................................... | 979
|
| Eye Problems and Visual Disturbances............................................... | 980
|
| Fatigue........................................................................................ | 984
|
| Fainting....................................................................................... | 985
|
| Fetal Heart Rate Abnormalities......................................................... | 987
|
| Fetal Size/Dates Discrepancies........................................................ | 990
|
| Fever.......................................................................................... | 995
|
| Fibroids........................................................................................ | 997
|
| Foot Problems............................................................................... | 1001
|
| Gestational Diabetes...................................................................... | 1002
|
| Headaches................................................................................... | 1004
|
| Hemoglobin Variations..................................................................... | 1007
|
| Laryngeal Disorders........................................................................ | 1009
|
| Hypertension in Pregnancy.............................................................. | 1010
|
| Injuries During Pregnancy................................................................ | 1019
|
| Insomnia...................................................................................... | 1025
|
| Jaundice...................................................................................... | 1026
|
| Nerve Pain and Pressure Symptoms.................................................. | 1027
|
| Nasal Congestion and Other Nasal Problems........................................ | 1031
|
| Poisoning During Pregnancy ............................................................ | 1033
|
| Radiation Injury............................................................................. | 1038
|
| Salivation.................................................................................... | 1040
|
| Seizures...................................................................................... | 1041
|
| Skin and Hair Changes.................................................................... | 1044
|
| Torsion of the Pregnant Uterus........................................................ | 1052
|
| Urine Test Results......................................................................... | 1053
|
| Urinary Tract Infections................................................................. | 1056
|
| Vascular Problems......................................................................... | 1057
|
| Venoms, Bites and Stings............................................................... | 1062
|
| Yoni Discharge ............................................................................ | 1066
|
MEDICAL CONDITIONS AND DISABILITIES
WHICH MAY PREEXIST PREGNANCY...................... | 1067
|
| Preexisting Medical Conditions or Disabilities and Midwifery Care ........... | 1068
|
| Autoimmune Disorders................................................................... | 1081
|
| Gastrointestinal Disorders............................................................... | 1083
|
| Heart and Circulatory Disorders....................................................... | 1088
|
| Immunologic Disorders.................................................................. | 1103
|
| Kidney Disease............................................................................ | 1105
|
| Metabolic and Glandular Disorders................................................... | 1114
|
| Muscular and Connective Tissue Disorders........................................ | 1125
|
| Disorders Related to the Nervous System......................................... | 1128
|
| Reproductive Organ Disease.......................................................... | 1135
|
| Respiratory Disorders................................................................... | 1139
|
| Skeletal and Joint Disorders........................................................... | 1143
|
| Skin Disorders............................................................................. | 1147
|
| White Blood Cell Disorders............................................................. | 1150
|
| APPENDIX............................................................................. | 1153
|
| Obtaining Products and Publications Mentioned in This Text................. | 1154
|
| Illustration References.................................................................. | 1157
|
| INDEX.................................................................................... | 1158
|
